Membrane bioreactors incorporating hollow fiber membranes have become prominent as a powerful technology for diverse biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct benefits such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article delivers a thorough examination of hollow fiber memb

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors present themselves as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their high performance. This article discusses the evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors in terms of various performance parameters, including removal efficiency of pollutants, biomass production, and fouling characteri

The effectiveness of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating industrial wastewater is a subject of increasing interest. These bioreactors combine the principles of aerobic treatment with membrane filtration to achieve high remediation rates of various impurities. This article presents a detailed evaluation of PVDF membrane b